Microsoft Ignite: Book of News - March 2021 (Azure et al.)

If you are interested about the new features of Azure, Office 365 and other Microsoft topics, read the Book of New:

https://news.microsoft.com/ignite-march-2021-book-of-news/

 

The table of contents shows the following chapters:

In my opinion chapter 5.4 is one of the most important ones:

https://news.microsoft.com/ignite-march-2021-book-of-news/#a-541-new-security-compliance-and-identity-certifications-and-content-aim-to-close-security-skills-gap

To help address the security skills gap, Microsoft has added four new Security, Compliance and Identity certifications with supporting training and has made several updates to the Microsoft Security Technical Content Library. These certifications and content are intended to help cybersecurity professionals increase their skilling knowledge and keep up with complex cybersecurity threats.

These new certifications with supporting training are tailored to specific roles and needs, regardless of where customers are in their skilling journey:

• The Microsoft Certified: Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals certification will help individuals get familiar with the fundamentals of security, compliance and identity across cloud-based and related Microsoft services.
• The Microsoft Certified: Information Protection Administrator Associate certification focuses on planning and implementing controls that meet organizational compliance needs.
• The Microsoft Certified: Security Operations Analyst Associate certification helps security operational professionals design threat protection and response systems.
• The Microsoft Certified: Identity and Access Administrator Associate certification helps individuals design, implement and operate an organization’s identity and access management systems by using Azure Active Directory (Azure AD).

In addition, the Microsoft Security Technical Content Library contains new technical content and resources.

 

metallb on microk8s: loadbalancer ip not reachable from clients /arp issue

 

In my last posting i wrote, how to configure and use metallb on a microk8s kubernetes cluster. This worked fine - but on the next day i was only able to reach the loadbalancer ip from clients outside the kubernetes cluster.

So what happened?

Just two things in advance:

• metallb does not create interfaces on the node
  That means, the loadbalancer ip does not use the OS to announce the ip inside the network
• metallb has to use its own arp  mechanism
  

If a client (on the same network as the kubernetes cluster) can not reach the loadbalancer ip, you have to check the arp table.

On all kubernetes nodes (except the master) you will find the loadbalancer:

arp 192.168.178.230
Address                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface
192.168.178.230          ether   dc:a6:32:65:c4:ee   C                     eth0

On the metallb controller you will find nothing:

(The controller can be found with this command:

kubectl get all -o wide -n metallb-system
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP               NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/speaker-hgf7l                 1/1     Running   1          21h   192.168.178.53   ubuntu   <none>           <none>
pod/controller-559b68bfd8-tgmv7   1/1     Running   1          21h   10.1.243.224     ubuntu   <none>           <none>
pod/speaker-d9d7z                 1/1     Running   1          21h   192.168.178.57   zigbee   <none>           <none>

and on this node:

arp 192.168.178.230
192.168.178.230 (192.168.178.230) -- no entry

On the client you are using, you get the same result: no arp entry for this ip. 

Option 1: the quick fix

run arp -s 192.168.178.230 dc:a6:32:65:c4:ee on your client and after that you can reach 192.168.178.230, because your client knows, which NIC (MAC) it has to reach.

Option 2:  switch the interface on the controller to promiscuous mode.

without running the interface in promicuous, metallb can not announce the ip via arp. So run ifconfig wlan0 promisc. (https://github.com/metallb/metallb/issues/284)

microk8s: Using the integrated loadbalancer metallb for a application/container

 

Microk8s comes with an internal loadbalancer: metallb (https://microk8s.io/docs/addons)

For project status and documentation: https://metallb.universe.tf/

My problem with this addon: It is very easy to install - but i found nearly nothing about the configuration, so that is will work... 

The only source was https://opensource.com/article/20/7/homelab-metallb

So here everthing from the beginning: 

# microk8s.enable metallb

You have to add an ip range after you hit enter. This should be some ips, which are not in use and which your DHCP should not assign to other devices.
You can check this range afterwards via:

# kubectl describe configmaps -n metallb-system
Name:         kube-root-ca.crt
Namespace:    metallb-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
ca.crt:
----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDA..........=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Events:  <none>


Name:         config
Namespace:    metallb-system
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  <none>

Data
====
config:
----
address-pools:
- name: default
  protocol: layer2
  addresses:
  - 192.168.178.230-192.168.178.240

Events:  <none>

After this you have to write this yaml to connect your application to the metallb:

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: kuard2
  namespace: kuard2
spec:
  selector:
    app: kuard2
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
  type: LoadBalancer

Fairly easy, but if you do not know where to start, this is almost impossible. Next step is to deploy this yaml:

# kubectl apply -f loadbalancer.yaml -n kuard2

To get the loadbalancer ip you have to issue this command:

# kubectl describe service kuard2 -n kuard2
Name:                     kuard2
Namespace:                kuard2
Labels:                   <none>
Annotations:              <none>
Selector:                 app=kuard2
Type:                     LoadBalancer
IP Families:              <none>
IP:                       10.152.183.119
IPs:                      10.152.183.119
LoadBalancer Ingress:     192.168.178.230
Port:                     <unset>  80/TCP
TargetPort:               8080/TCP
NodePort:                 <unset>  31298/TCP
Endpoints:                10.1.243.220:8080,10.1.243.221:8080
Session Affinity:         None
External Traffic Policy:  Cluster
Events:
  Type    Reason        Age    From                Message
  ----    ------        ----   ----                -------
  Normal  IPAllocated   6m31s  metallb-controller  Assigned IP "192.168.178.230"
  Normal  nodeAssigned  6m31s  metallb-speaker     announcing from node "ubuntu"

And then your service is reachable with wget http://192.168.178.240:80 or any browser, which can connect to this ip.

Kubernetes: Building Kuard for Raspberry Pi (microk8s / ARM64)

 

In one of my last posts (click here) i used KUARD (kubernetes up and running demo) to check the livenessProbes of kubernetes.

In my posting i pulled the image from gcr.io/kuar-demo/kuard-arm64:3.

But what about building this image on myself?

First step: get the sources:

git clone https://github.com/kubernetes-up-and-running/kuard.git

Second step: run docker build:

cd kuard/
docker build . -t kuard:localbuild

But this fails with:

Step 13/14 : COPY --from=build /go/bin/kuard /kuard
COPY failed: stat /var/lib/docker/overlay2/60ba596c03e23fdfbca2216f495504fa2533a2f2e8cadd81a764a200c271de86/merged/go/bin/kuard: no such file or directory

What is going wrong here?

Inside the Dockerfile(s) there is ARCH=amd64

Just correct that with "sed -i 's/amd/arm/g' Dockerfile*"

After that the image is built without any problem:

Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.379MB
Step 1/14 : FROM golang:1.12-alpine AS build
 ---> 9d993b748f32
Step 2/14 : RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk add --no-cache git nodejs bash npm
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 54400a0a06c5
Step 3/14 : RUN go get -u github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata/...
 ---> Using cache
 ---> afe4c54a86c3
Step 4/14 : WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/kubernetes-up-and-running/kuard
 ---> Using cache
 ---> a51084750556
Step 5/14 : COPY . .
 ---> 568ef8c90354
Step 6/14 : ENV VERBOSE=0
 ---> Running in 0b7100c53ab0
Removing intermediate container 0b7100c53ab0
 ---> f22683c1c167
Step 7/14 : ENV PKG=github.com/kubernetes-up-and-running/kuard
 ---> Running in 8a0f880ea2ca
Removing intermediate container 8a0f880ea2ca
 ---> 49374a5b3802
Step 8/14 : ENV ARCH=arm64
 ---> Running in c6a08b2057d0
Removing intermediate container c6a08b2057d0
 ---> dd871e379a96
Step 9/14 : ENV VERSION=test
 ---> Running in 07e7c373ece7
Removing intermediate container 07e7c373ece7
 ---> 9dabd61d9cd0
Step 10/14 : RUN build/build.sh
 ---> Running in 66471550192c
Verbose: 0

> webpack-cli@3.2.1 postinstall /go/src/github.com/kubernetes-up-and-running/kuard/client/node_modules/webpack-cli
> lightercollective


     *** Thank you for using webpack-cli! ***

Please consider donating to our open collective
     to help us maintain this package.

  https://opencollective.com/webpack/donate

                    ***

added 819 packages from 505 contributors and audited 887 packages in 86.018s
found 683 vulnerabilities (428 low, 4 moderate, 251 high)
  run `npm audit fix` to fix them, or `npm audit` for details

> client@1.0.0 build /go/src/github.com/kubernetes-up-and-running/kuard/client
> webpack --mode=production

Browserslist: caniuse-lite is outdated. Please run next command `npm update caniuse-lite browserslist`
Hash: 52ca742bfd1307531486
Version: webpack 4.28.4
Time: 39644ms
Built at: 02/05/2021 6:48:35 PM
    Asset     Size  Chunks                    Chunk Names
bundle.js  333 KiB       0  [emitted]  [big]  main
Entrypoint main [big] = bundle.js
 [26] (webpack)/buildin/global.js 472 bytes {0} [built]
[228] (webpack)/buildin/module.js 497 bytes {0} [built]
[236] (webpack)/buildin/amd-options.js 80 bytes {0} [built]
[252] ./src/index.jsx + 12 modules 57.6 KiB {0} [built]
      | ./src/index.jsx 285 bytes [built]
      | ./src/app.jsx 7.79 KiB [built]
      | ./src/env.jsx 5.42 KiB [built]
      | ./src/mem.jsx 5.81 KiB [built]
      | ./src/probe.jsx 7.64 KiB [built]
      | ./src/dns.jsx 5.1 KiB [built]
      | ./src/keygen.jsx 7.69 KiB [built]
      | ./src/request.jsx 3.01 KiB [built]
      | ./src/highlightlink.jsx 1.37 KiB [built]
      | ./src/disconnected.jsx 3.6 KiB [built]
      | ./src/memq.jsx 6.33 KiB [built]
      | ./src/fetcherror.js 122 bytes [built]
      | ./src/markdown.jsx 3.46 KiB [built]
    + 249 hidden modules
go: finding github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.2
go: finding github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
go: finding github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.6
go: finding github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
go: finding github.com/elazarl/go-bindata-assetfs v1.0.0
go: finding github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1
go: finding github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.0
go: finding github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0
go: finding github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0
go: finding golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190313024323-a1f597ede03a
go: finding github.com/spf13/viper v1.3.2
go: finding github.com/prometheus/common v0.0.0-20181126121408-4724e9255275
go: finding github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181204211112-1dc9a6cbc91a
go: finding github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1
go: finding github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973
go: finding github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0
go: finding github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910
go: finding golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20181108010431-42b317875d0f
go: finding golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181201002055-351d144fa1fc
go: finding golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a
go: finding github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0
go: finding github.com/spf13/afero v1.1.2
go: finding github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.2.0
go: finding golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20181203042331-505ab145d0a9
go: finding github.com/ugorji/go/codec v0.0.0-20181204163529-d75b2dcb6bc8
go: finding github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7
go: finding github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.0.0
go: finding github.com/coreos/etcd v3.3.10+incompatible
go: finding gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2
go: finding golang.org/x/text v0.3.0
go: finding github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.2.0
go: finding github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.0
go: finding github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.1.2
go: finding github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2
go: finding github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6
go: finding golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20181205085412-a5c9d58dba9a
go: finding github.com/coreos/go-etcd v2.0.0+incompatible
go: finding github.com/xordataexchange/crypt v0.0.3-0.20170626215501-b2862e3d0a77
go: finding github.com/spf13/cast v1.3.0
go: finding github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
go: finding gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405
go: finding github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0
go: downloading github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
go: downloading github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.6
go: downloading github.com/spf13/viper v1.3.2
go: downloading github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
go: downloading github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.2
go: extracting github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
go: extracting github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter v1.2.0
go: extracting github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.0
go: extracting github.com/spf13/viper v1.3.2
go: downloading github.com/elazarl/go-bindata-assetfs v1.0.0
go: extracting github.com/elazarl/go-bindata-assetfs v1.0.0
go: extracting github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.3
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2
go: downloading github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0
go: extracting github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.6
go: downloading github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0
go: extracting github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.0
go: downloading github.com/spf13/afero v1.1.2
go: extracting github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7
go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181201002055-351d144fa1fc
go: downloading github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/spf13/cast v1.3.0
go: extracting github.com/spf13/jwalterweatherman v1.0.0
go: extracting gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2
go: extracting github.com/spf13/afero v1.1.2
go: extracting github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.0
go: extracting github.com/prometheus/client_golang v0.9.2
go: downloading github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.1.2
go: extracting github.com/spf13/cast v1.3.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190313024323-a1f597ede03a
go: extracting github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.1.2
go: extracting github.com/hashicorp/hcl v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.2.0
go: downloading golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a
go: downloading github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181204211112-1dc9a6cbc91a
go: downloading github.com/prometheus/common v0.0.0-20181126121408-4724e9255275
go: extracting github.com/pelletier/go-toml v1.2.0
go: downloading github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910
go: extracting github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181204211112-1dc9a6cbc91a
go: extracting github.com/prometheus/common v0.0.0-20181126121408-4724e9255275
go: downloading github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0
go: downloading github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973
go: extracting github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.0.0-20180712105110-5c3871d89910
go: extracting github.com/beorn7/perks v0.0.0-20180321164747-3a771d992973
go: downloading github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1
go: extracting github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1
go: extracting github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0
go: extracting golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190313024323-a1f597ede03a
go: extracting golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20181201002055-351d144fa1fc
go: extracting golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a
go: extracting golang.org/x/text v0.3.0
Removing intermediate container 66471550192c
 ---> 236f3050bc93
Step 11/14 : FROM alpine
 ---> 1fca6fe4a1ec
Step 12/14 : USER nobody:nobody
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cabde1f6b77c
Step 13/14 : COPY --from=build /go/bin/kuard /kuard
 ---> 39e8b0af8cef
Step 14/14 : CMD [ "/kuard" ]
 ---> Running in ca867aeb43ba
Removing intermediate container ca867aeb43ba
 ---> e1cb3fd58eb4
Successfully built e1cb3fd58eb4
Successfully tagged kuard:localbuild